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VIM is a programmable console based text editor. It is highly configurable and it has many plugins. But managing these plugins manually is hard. That’s why a Plugin Manager is very useful. Vundle is a Plugin Manager for VIM text editor. In this article, I will show you how to use VIM Vundle Plugin Manager to manage VIM Plugins. Let’s get started. Installing Vundle First, you have to install Git version control system. It is available on the official package repository of any Linux distributions. I will use Debian 9 Stretch for this article. For Ubuntu, Debian, Linux Mint and other Debian based distros: Update the package repository cache with the following command: $ sudo apt-get update Then install Git with the following command: $ sudo apt-get install git -y Git should be installed. For Fedora, RHEL, CentOS: To install Git on Fedora, RHEL and CentOS, run the following commands: $ sudo yum makecache $ sudo yum install git -y Now you can install VIM with the following command: $ sudo apt-get install vim -y VIM should be installed. In my case, it’s already installed on my system. For Fedora, RHEL, CentOS, run the following command to install VIM: $ sudo yum install vim -y Now go to the official website of Vundle at https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim You should see the following page. Now click on “Clone or download” button as marked red on the screenshot below. A popup window should appear. Click on the icon as marked blue in the screenshot. The git repository URL should be copied. Now open up a Terminal and run the following command: $ git clone PASTE_URL_HERE ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim After pasting the URL, the command should look like this: $ git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim The Github repository should be cloned in the ‘.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim’ directory in the USER’s home directory. Now run the following command: $ vim ~/.vimrc It should open .vimrc file with VIM. If .vimrc file doesn’t exist, an empty file should be opened. In my case, I already have an existing .vimrc file. Now go to the end of the .vimrc file and press <o> Now add the following lines as shown in the screenshot below. Then save and exit vim with VIM command ‘:wq!’ Now add the following lines as shown in the screenshot below. Then save and exit vim with VIM command ‘:wq!’ set nocompatible filetype off set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim call vundle#begin() Plugin ‘VundleVim/Vundle.vim’ " Add plugins here call vundle#end() filetype plugin indent on Now open vim. Run the following VIM command to initialize Vundle Plugin Manager: :PluginInstall The Vundle plugin should be installed. Searching and Installing Plugin using Vundle Plugin Manager: You can search for VIM plugins using Vundle Plugin Manager. Let’s say you want to install a color scheme for VIM. Run the following VIM command to search for all the available VIM colorscheme plugins. :PluginSearch colorscheme You should see a lot of colorscheme plugins as shown in the screenshot below. I am going to install ‘Royal-Colorschemes’. To install a plugin, just move the VIM cursor to the line and press ‘i’ The plugin should be installed. Now copy the line. Paste it in the ‘.vimrc’ file in the section as shown in the screenshot below. Listing Installed Plugins: You can also list all the installed VIM plugins with the following VIM command: :PluginList You can see that I have 2 plugins installed right now. Installing a Plugin from Github using Vundle Plugin Manager: You can install a plugin from Github repository as well. Let’s say you want to install ‘powerline’ from the Github repository of powerline. Go to the Github page of powerline and copy the project author/name section as marked in the screenshot below. Open the ‘.vimrc’ file and type in the following line in the marked section. Plugin ‘GITHUB_REPO_USER/GITHUB_REPO_PROJECT_NAME’ Then save the file and exit out of VIM. Now start VIM and run the following VIM command to install the plugin using Vundle Plugin Manager. :PluginInstall Powerline plugin should be installed as shown in the screenshot below. You can list the available plugins with ‘:PluginList’ command. You should be able to see ‘powerline’ there. Removing a Plugin using Vundle Plugin Manager: You can also remove a Plugin using Vundle Plugin Manager. First run ‘:PluginList’ command to list all the installed VIM plugins. These are the plugins I have installed right now. Let’s delete ‘powerline’ plugin. To delete powerline plugin, just move your cursor to the line and press <Shift>+<D> The plugin should be deleted. Now open ‘.vimrc’ file again, remove the marked line for powerline and save the file. ‘.vimrc’ file with powerline plugin line removed. That’s it. So that’s how you use VIM Vundle Plugin Manager to manage VIM plugins easily. Thanks for reading this article. ...

One of the areas where Linux is mostly underrated is video/audio editing capabilities. And to prove you wrong, Audacity steps up to the roster with its full support of all common audio manipulation techniques, including effect modules. Audacity is a FOSS (free and open-source) cross-platform audio editing toolkit that is the go-to utility for most hobbyists. Although this nifty piece of software looks quite unremarkable at first, anyone who has any idea what they’re doing (as far as sound manipulation goes) will notice that they have quite the toolset at the tip of their fingers. In this article we’ll look at: Installing Audacity on Linux Mint Recording with Audacity Getting rid of background noise (Nose Reduction) Slowing down or speeding up Splitting and moving tracks Exporting to lossless formats MP3 encoding So without further ado, let’s dive straight into the Swiss army knife of audio editing that every single professional and hobbyist knows. Installing Audacity on Linux Mint 19 Installing from the official repositories The software can be found in the official repositories, although what you download and install from there might not be the latest version. If you want to check whether or not you can install the program via Aptitude, run: apt-cache search audacity If the program is in the repositories, it will return the name and description of the matching package. To install Audacity from the repository, simply run: sudo apt-get install audacity Which will download the software and all dependencies. Don’t worry – it doesn’t take much space. Additionally, you could download and build Audacity from source but that is obviously not recommended for beginner users. In case you like a challenge, though, you can find an extensive walkthrough of building the software from source on its official Wiki. Recording with Audacity Before recording, you will need to select the appropriate sound device from the drop-down menu. Then it is highly recommended you check on the recording levels by clicking on the monitoring meter. It will show you how loud your signal is. The loudest parts of your signal (you loudest talking, if you are recording your voice and your loudest strumming if you’re recording guitar) should not pass the 0db on the scale. This is called peaking – the portions of your sound stream that are the loudest are peaks and they should reach about 0 ideally. To be on the conservative side, you can adjust the microphone slider down so your sound peaks at -6 to -3. The recording process itself is quite simple – you only need to press the well-familiar big red button on the main toolbar of the window (shown below). Once you’re done recording, press STOP twice to stop the recording and to reset the cursor to the beginning of your audio file to-be. To listen back to it, press PLAY or the Space button on your keyboard. Do you hear anything that shouldn’t be there – the hiss of your microphone or the hum of your computer fans? Well, worry not – we’re about to delve into one of Audacity’s most popular uses – Noise Removal Using the Noise Reduction Plugin Now that you have your file recorded, you can go ahead and click on Effects > Noise Reduction. At this point, worry not – the plugin will do absolutely nothing. That is because you need to first acquire a Noise Profile To do that: Select a few seconds of sound that only have the noise you want to remove. If you select any of the actual sound you recorded, you will get a lot of nasty artifacts or a completely different sounding recording Once you have done that, click again on Effects > Noise Reduction Click the “Get Noise Profile” button and let the plugin calculate the adjustments it needs to do. For most intents and purposes, this should work for you without further adjustment. After that, select your whole file (or just the portion you want to clean) by dragging with your mouse or pressing Ctrl+A (to select all). Navigate again to Effects > Noise Reduction (yes, once again) Click “Preview” to listen to what your audio will sound like after the operation If you like that, click “Ok” to complete the noise reduction. If not – play around with the different parameters or try again. Slowing Down and Speeding Up The “speed” at which any musical work goes, we call “Tempo”. In this case, whether you’re recording music or not, we can use the Change Tempo effect to achieve slower or faster playback. To do that, you need to: Select the portion of the audio file which you want to speed up or slow down Click on Effects > Change Tempo Use the slider to dial in a change in percentage or input an exact BPM (beats per minute) measure Use the Preview button to listen to the expected results Once you’re happy with what you hear, press OK to complete the operation Splitting and Moving Clips You might need to separate your audio file (called a clip) or move a portion of it to another track. In this case, you can easily use the built-in controls to do that. To split a track at the cursor: Click where you want to split the track Click Edit > Clip Boundaries > Split OR Ctrl+I You now have a separate clip, which you can move along the timeline. To move a clip along the timeline/track: Click on the Timeshift tool and then use it to drag your clip along the timeline or onto another track Exporting to lossless formats The different audio formats all have their quirks but they can mainly be split into two categories – lossless and lossy. The difference is that lossless audio formats tend to compress the digitally represented sound stream as little as possible. This also makes the resulting files take a lot of disk space. Lossless audio formats include WAV, FLAC and OGG Vorbis. You may have already seen them around if you’ve worked with audio before. In Audacity, you can export your audio in one of these formats. WAV is the format of choice for most people when quality is a concern. To export to one of them: Select the portion of your clip you want to export (or the entire thing) Click File > Export From the file dialog that has just popped up, you can choose the file format Give your file a name and let the exporting process complete before doing anything else MP3 Encoding A common problem that beginners run into is not being able to export to .mp3 – the most widespread audio format in the world today. This is because up until months ago, the mp3 standard was a proprietary and licensed technology and Audacity relied on 3rd part libraries in order to handle .mp3 encoding. Today, however, Audacity comes with built-in .mp3 encoding that works like a charm. The only thing you should consider is using the right settings to achieve optimal quality. To export to .mp3, just do as above: Select the portion of your clip you want to export (or the entire thing) Click File > Export From the file dialog that has just popped up choose “MP3 File” Click the “Options” button below the file name text field From there pick your bitrate (320kbps being the highest and 128 – average) Save your file and you’re good to go! Conclusion All in all, if you work with audio in a not-so demanding environment, Audacity can be a life save once you get used to the couple of quirks it has. Although it doesn’t look too convincing at first, Audacity has a rich and capable toolset that you can employ in any sort of setting – from your bedroom to a studio. ...

Nếu bạn đang sử dụng OpenVPN với tư cách là máy khách , bạn muốn  lưu lượng truy cập của bạn thông qua một kết nối TCP / IP đến máy chủ và máy chủ chuyển tiếp để có vẻ như lưu lượng truy cập bắt nguồn từ máy chủ. Để có thể ẩn đi IP thật của bạn hoặc đơn giản là thoát khỏi những hạn chế của ISP. Bài viết này sẽ hướng dẫn bạn cách để redirect gateway từ IP của bạn thành IP của OpenVPN server. Đầu tiên hãy chuẩn bị 1 OpenVPN server, có thể là bộ định tuyến trong gia đình của bạn hoặc 1 máy chủ trong trung tâm dữ liệu. Và máy tính từ xa của bạn đóng vai trò là OpenVPN client, nơi sẽ thực hiện thay đổi trong file config. Trước khi thực hiện redirect, hãy kiểm tra IP hiện tại của mình bằng các truy cập vào ip.me để kiểm tra địa chỉ IP public hiện tại. Sau khi truy cập trang thì mình nhận được địa chỉ IP hiện tại của mình như sau : Bây giờ để redirect gateway hãy disconnect tới OpenVPN server, sau đó mở file cấu hình của OpenVPN client và thêm đoạn sau vào cuối file cấu hình : redirect-gateway def1 Lưu lại thay đổi và connect lại với OpenVPN server, sau đó vào lại ip.me để kiểm tra IP đã được redirect đến IP của OpenVPN server hay chưa ? Như vậy, IP đã được đổi thành IP của OpenVPN server. Bây giờ khi truy cập vào Internet , lưu lượng sẽ được đi qua OpenVPN server và bạn có thể cấu hình để xử lý lưu lượng theo 1 cách nào đó. Chúc các bạn thành công ! ...